Bolt construction for safes, vaults and the like



Sept. 24, 1963 c. K. ROBERTS ETAL 3,104,538

BOLT CONSTRUCTION FOR SAFES, VAULTS AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 1. 1960 2Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VEN TORS Charles KRobez z'l's g2 BY blzwrlas'MlTisSW11 :1

ATTORNEYS manipulation.

United States Patent 3,104,538 BOLT CQNSTRUC'HON FOR SAFES, VAULTS ANDTHE LIKE Cha les K. Roberts, Canton, and Charles Norris South,

North Canton, Ohio, assignors to Diebold, Incorporated, Canton, Ohio, acorporation of Ohio Filed Feb. 1, 1950, Ser. No. 5,674 19 Claims. (Cl.70-15) Our invention relates to improvements in bolt construotionprincipally used in safes, vaults and the like, and more specifically towhat may be termed a driveproof bolt construction having blocking meansautomati- I cally operable upon an attempt to drive the bolt endwisefrom an engaged position by use of an external driving force against thebolt. Even more specifically, our invention relates to a drive-proofbolt construction having means operable in combination with the bolt andengageable between the bolt and adjacent'mounting members for blockingthe bolt in an extended securing position, when an attempt is made todrive the bolt from extended position toward retracted non-securingposition by the use of an external driving force on the bolt.

In prior constructions of safes, vaults and the like, there :have beenextensive developments of the combination locks which control theoperation of the securing bolts in order to guard these locks againstsurreptitious Furthermore, there have been extensive developments ofvarious forms of drill-proof and flameproof materials from which thedoors of safes and vaults may be fabricated to prevent attack and thegaining of access to the locks and bolts which retain the doors in theirlocked positions.

Despite these extensive developments in these areas of safe and vaultconstructions, relatively slight consideration has been given to theprotection of the pivotal or cam connections between the operating meansor locks and the bolts which are necessary in order for the bolts to bemoved by the locks between disengaged and engaged positions and to beretained in engaged positions. Thus, in view of the extremestrengthening of other areas of the safes and vaults, various successfulattempts with certain prior constructions have been made to axially orendwise drive the bolts from their securing engaged positions towarddisengaged positions. This is accomplished by gaining access to certainportions of the bolts and applying external endwise driving forces onthe bolts, which result in a failure of the connections of these boltsto the locks or the locks or bolts proper, thereby permitting the boltsto be driven axially from engaged to disengaged positions.

One possible manner of frustating this bolt driving form of attack wouldbe to increase the strength of the pivotal or cam connections betweenthe bolts and locks, thereby providing sufiicient strength so as to makeit impossible to free the bolts from control by the locks which wouldprevent any endwise driving toward disengaged position. This, however,in most cases, has been found to be undesirable and impractical in viewof space requirements, required ease of operation and the expense ofconstruction.

It has, therefore, been found desirable to provide some means inoperable connection with a particular bolt which will automaticallyoperate upon an attempt to drive the bolt from engaged toward disengagedposition to block the bolt in its engaged position and completelyfrustrate any attempt at this endwise driving. Furthermore, thisparticular blocking means must be positively operable upon an attempt ofsaid endwise driving, but yet must remain positively inoperable duringnormal Patented Sept. 24, 1963 movement of the bolt by the locking oroperating mechanism.

It is, therefore, a general object of the present invention to provide abolt construction for safes, vaults and the like which eliminates theproblems and disadvantages of the prior constructions, as discussedabove.

It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a boltconstruction for safes, vaults and the like which is virtuallydrive-proof, yet is perfectly operable under normal conditions formovement by the lock or operating means controlling the same betweenengaged and disengaged positions.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a boltconstructionfor safes, vaults and the like in which blocking means isautomatically and positively operable when the bolt is in engagedposition and an attempt is made to drive the bolt axially or endwisetoward disengaged position, whereby the blocking means upon operationwill maintain the bolt in its engaged position, frustrating the drivingattempt.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a boltconstruction for safes, vaults and the like constructed such thatpreferably certain portions of the bolt will telescope when the bolt isin engaged position and an attempt is made to drive the bolt axially orendwise toward disengaged position, with this telescoping causing anautomatic extension of blocking means preferably engaging with certainmembers surrounding the bolt while the bolt remains in an engagedposition, thereby securely blocking the bolt against further drivingtoward disengaged position.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a boltconstruction for safes, vaults and the like constructed to perform theforegoing blocking upon an attempt to axially or endwise drive the boltfrom engaged toward disengaged position, which blocking is preferably bymeans automatically axially extendible and engageable with an adjacentshoulder formed in certain of the stationary members surrounding thebolt.

Finally, it is an object of the present invention to provide a boltconstruction for safes, vaults and the like which satisfies. all of theabove objects in a simple and eflicient manner, yet may be provided at aminimum of expense.

These and other objects are accomplished by the parts, constructions,arrangements, combinations and subcombinations comprising the presentinvention, the nature of which is set forth in the following generalstatement, preferred embodiments of Which-illustrative of the best modein which applicants have contemplated applying the principles-are setforth in the following description and illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, and which are particularly and distinctly pointed out and setforth in the appended claims forming a part hereof.

In general terms, the bolt construction for safes, vaults and the likecomprising the present invention may be stated as including a boltmounted movable in frame means for movement between a retracted ordisengaged position within the frame means and an engaged positionextending into and engaged with a bolt engagement mem-v The boltblocking means may be enga-geable between the bolt and either the framemeans movably mounting the bolt or the member which the bolt engageswhen moved to engaged position, but preferably such blocking takes placebetween the bolt and frame means movably mounting the bolt. Furthermore,to accomplish this blocking action, the bolt is preferably formed withcertain members which may telescope a predetermined distance endwiseupon application of the endwise force when the bolt is in engagedposition and while the bolt remains in an engaged position, with thistelescoping causing an automatic preferably radial extension of blockingmeans preferably from the bolt to engage a shoulder preferablysurrounding a portion of the bolt, whereby the complete blocking takesplace;

By way of example, embodiments of the bolt construction for safes,vaults and the like of the present invention are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings forming a part hereof, wherein like numeralsindicate similar parts throughout the several views, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional View, part in elevation, showing aform of door, door frame and combination lock operably connected toandmounting an embodiment of the bolt construction of the presentinvention, with the bolt its extended or engaged position normallyengaged in the door frame;

FIG. 2, an enlarged fragmentary sectional view, part in elevation,similar to FIG. 1, and showing the bolt construction of FIG. 1 in itsnormal retracted or disengaged position;

FIG. 3, a View similar to FIG. 2, 'but with the bolt construction in anengaged position and after the blocking means has operated to block thebolt in said engaged position;

FIG. 4, a side elevation of the bolt construction of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3removed from the door and looking in the direction of the arrows 44 inFIG. 2, with the bolt blocking means in inoperable position;

FIG. 5, an enlarged fragmentary sectional view, part in elevation,looking in the direction of the arrows 55 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6, a view similar to FIG. 5, but looking in the direction of thearrows 6-6 in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7, a (fragmentary sectional view, part in elevation similar to FIG.2, but with the door frame removed and showing a second embodiment ofthe bolt construction, with the bolt in extended or engaged position andthe bolt blocking means in inoperative position;

FIG. 8, a fragmentary sectional view, part in elevation, looking in thedirection of the arrows 88 in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9, a view similar to FIG. 7 showing the second embodiment of thebolt construction in an engaged position and the blocking means inblocking position;

FIG. 10, an enlarged fragmentary sectional view, part in elevation,looking in the direction of the arrows 1010 in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11, a view similar to FIG". 7 showing a third embodiment of thebolt construction, with the bolt in extended or engaged position and theblocking means in inoperative position;

FIG. 12, an enlarged fragmentary sectional view, part in elevation,looking in the direction of the arrows '12- 12 in FIG. 11;

' FIG. 13, a view similar to FIG. 11 showing the third embodiment of thebolt construction in an engaged position with the blocking means inoperative p sition; and

FIG. 14, an enlarged fragmentary sectional view, part in elevation,looking in the direction of the arrows 14- 14 in FIG. 13.

The bolt construction of the present invention is illustrated in thedrawings in combination with a particular form of safe constructioncommonly referred to as a money chest. Furthermore, the boltconstruction is shown operated through a combination lock.

It should be understood, however, that the bolt construction of (thepresent invention is adaptable to many forms of safes and vaults andmany forms of locks, whether combination or otherwise, and it is notintended to limit the use of the bolt construction to the particularsafe construction illustrated. Also, the broad principles of the presentinvention are applicable to many forms of bolts, and it is likewise notintended to limit the broad principles of the present invention to theparticular three embodiments thereof illustrated in the drawings andhereinafter described.

As shown in FIG. 1, the usual money-chest type of safe door is indicatedat 20 swingingly mounted on the. door frame 21 and rotatable arestricted distance in a usual manner on the door frame through anannular mounting plate 22. The door 20- has the usual lugs 23 which arearranged in bayonet-joint fashion with cone spending lugs 24 on the doorframe 21 so tthatdoor 20 may be moved swingingly to its closed positionwithin the door frame 21, as shown in FIG. 1, with the'door lugs 23telescoping through or between the door frame. I

lugs 24, after which, by a selected rotation of the door 20 on themounting frame 22, the door lugs 23 will en-t gage behind the door framelugs 24, also as shown in FIG. 1.

A usual combination lock, generally indicated at 25, is mounted on aback face 26 of door 20 having the usual case 27, the series ofgenerally cylindrical and axially aligned tumblers 2 8 and driver cam29. Furthermore, combination lock 25 has the usual spindle 30 extendingthrough door 29 and connected at the door front face 31 to the usualknob 32.

Oon'ibination lock 25 is arranged in usual manner so that, by thesetting of a predetermined combination, the driver cam. 29 through thespindle 30 and knob 32 will rotate a usual bolt operating cam plate 33.Cam plate 33 is operably connected through one or more cam slots 34 toone or more operating levers 35. In the particular embodiment shown inFIG. 1, merely a single cam slot 34- and operating lever 35 is shown,but where a number of bolts is desirable, a series of such cam slots andoperating levens could be provided in the usual manner.

In the particular embodiment shown in the drawings, the operating lever35 is generally cylindrical in overall configuration, being provided 'atits inner end 3:6 with the cutout 37 and with this inner end 36 slidablytelescoping through the lock case 27. Further, at the extreme inner endof operating lever 35 is mounted the lug 38 extending into the cutout 37and slidably received within the cam slot 34 of the cam plate 33. p Theouter end 39 of the operating lever 35 is slidably telescoped through aportion of one of the door lugs 23 and is received within the outwardlyopening generally cylindrical recess 40 formed within the door lug 23.The generally cylindrical bolt, indicated at 41, is slidably 0rreciprocally received within recess 40' and is connected for reciprocalmovement with the operating lever 35, with this bolt 41 beingselectively receivable endwise or axially engaged in the usual boltrecess 42 formed in the corresponding door frame lug 24, when the doorlug 23 and door frame lug 24 are in their proper bayonet-en gagedpositions.

Thus, with the foregoing usual construction, when the proper combinationhas been set in the combinaion lock 25, by rotating the spindle 30through the knob 32, the bolt operating cam plate 33 is rotated causingthe operating lever 35 and bolt 41, through the lug 38 and cam slot 34,to be moved axially from engaged position, as shown in FIG. 1, todisengaged position, as shown in FIG. 2. With the bolt 41 disengagedfrom the door frame lug 23, the door 20 may then be rotated a restrictedamount on the mounting plate 22 to disengage the door.

lugs 23 from behind the door frame lugs 24 so that the door may then bemoved swingingly to an open position.

Also, when the door 2% is then swingingly returned to its closedposition in the door frame 21, the door 2i) may be rotated on themounting plate 22 to the position shown in FIG. 1 in which the door lugs23 engage behind the door frame lugs 24. Thereafter, the bolt operatingcam plate 33 may be rotated through the spindle 3i) and knob 32 in thereverse direction, causing the operating lever 35 and bolt 41 to beextended and moved to engaged position, with the bolt being received inthe bolt recess 42 of the door frame lug 24, thereby securely' lockingthe door 28 in door frame 21.

The foregoing generally described construction is of conventional formand, in the general terms stated, is not claimed as a part of thepresent invention other than certain parts of the broad general overallcombination. The principles of the present invention are incorporated inthe specific formation and connections of and between the operatinglever 35 and bolt 41, which will be hereinafter described.

For the purposes of the present invention, the operating lever 35 isgenerally cylindrical forward of the inner end 36 and cutout 37 and isslidably reciprocally received through a matching generally cylindricalopening 43 in the door lug 23, with opening 43 connecting into therecess 40. Opening 43 extends coaxially, with the generally cylindricalrecess 40, being a predetermined amount smaller in diameter than therecess to form the internal engagement shoulder 44 in the door lug 23 atthe inner end of recess 49 and annularly surrounding the outer end ofthe opening 43.

Bolt 41 is also preferably generally cylindrical, matching the recess 40and being mounted for slidable reciprocal movement therein from aretracted position, as shown in F G. 2, preferably totally telescopedwithin recess 40, and an extended position extending partially from therecess and engaging in the bolt recess 42 of the door frame lug 24, asshown in FIG. 1. Bolt 41'is provided with an operating lever opening 45formed preferably coaxially of the outer circumference of bolt 41,beginning intermediate the axial length of the bolt and opening inwardlyat the inner end 46 of the bolt within the recess 40. Also, bolt 41, inthis first embodiment construction, is provided with the radiallyextending pin opening formed diametrically therethrough, spacedforwardly 'of the bolt inner end 46 and intersecting the operating leveropening 45, thereby providing a portion of the operating lever openingextending outwardly of the pin opening terminating within the bolt and aportion of the operating lever opening extending inwardly of the pinopening to the bolt inner end 46.

The portion of the operating lever 35 outward of the lever inner end 36and cutout 37 which is of matching diameter to the opening 43 in thedoor lug 23 may be termed the large diameter portion 48 of the operatinglever, and at the outer end, this large diameter portion tapers radiallyto a smaller diameter matching to the bolt operating lever opening 45,thereby forming the generally conical tapered portion 49 and the smalldiameter portion 5% on the operating lever. The small diameter por tion55 is also generally cylindrical and extends outwardly from the taperedportion 49 to form the operating lever outer extremity.

The small diameter portion 50 of operating lever 35 extends outwardly tothe bolt 41 and then telescopes within the bolt operating lever opening45- through the pin opening 47 and terminates slightly forwardly of thepin opening, but spaced inwardly from the outer end of the operatinglever opening 45. Thus, normally a clearance space 51 of a minimumpredetermined axial length is provided between the outer end of the boltoperating lever opening 45 and the outer end of the operating leversmall diameter portion 5t).

A split spring collar 52 is mounted normally surrounding the part of theoperating lever small diameter portion 5% which normally extends fromthe inner end 46 of the bolt 41 to the conical tapered portion 49 on theoperating lever 35, so that this spring collar 52 normally preferablyrests against the bolt inner end 45 and the operating lever taperedportion 49, spanning the axial distance therebetween. As shown in FIGS.4 and 5, the spring collar 52 is split its entire axial length by theaxially extending slot 53 and is also internally notched its entireaxial length diametrically opposite from slot 53 by the groove 54, bothof which are for a purpose to be hereinafter described.

A pin 55 is mounted extending radially through the operating lever smalldiameter portion 51 within the bolt pin opening 47, with this pinnormally resting against the innermost surface of pin opening 47 andbeing an amount smaller in diameter than the pin opening approximatelyequal to the previously described clearance space 51 left forwardly ofthe operating lever 35 within the bolt operating lever opening 45.Finally, to complete the normal connection between the operating lever35 and bolt 41, a knurled surface 56 is preferably formed on the smalldiameter portion 50 of the operating lever 35 on that part of the smalldiameter portion normally extending inward- 'ly between the pin opening47 and the bolt inner end 46, with this knurled surface 56 having apress fit with the bolt 41 and the remainder of the small diameterportion 59 of the operating lever 35 having a sliding fit within thebolt operating lever opening 45.

Thus, the operating lever 35 and bolt 41 are connected for simultaneousreciprocal movement by the cam slot 34 of the bolt operating cam plate33 through the operating lever lug 38, as previously discussed, and thislever and bolt are normally maintained simultaneously movable by theengagement of the spring collar 52 between the operating lever taperedportion 49 and the bolt inner end 46, and also the engagement of the pin55 between the operating lever 35 and bolt 41 within the pin opening 47.With the spring collar 52 at one side and the pin 55 at the other side,the operating lever 35 and bolt 41 are maintained simultaneouslyreciprocal both outwardly to a position in which the bolt 41 is engagedwithin the door frame lug 24 and inwardly to a position in which thebolt 41 is free of the door frame lug 24.

As can be seen in FIG. 1, when the operating lever 35 and bolt 41 aremoved to extended or engaged position, the inner end of the operatinglever tapered portion 49 is substantially radially aligned with theengagement shoulder 44 formed at the inner end of the door lug rec-ess49, with the spring collar 52 being spaced outwardly of engagementshoulder 44 surrounding the outermost part of this operating levertapered portion 49. Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, in thisnormal position, the outer circumference of the spring collar 52 issubstantially equal to the operating lever large diameter portion 48, sothat, as shown in FIG. 2, when the operating lever 35 and bolt 41 aremoved inwardly to retracted or disengaged positions, the spring collar52 may telescope within the door lug opening 43' and thereby will notobstruct normal reciprocal movement of the operating lever and bolt.

The usual means of attack when an attempt is being made to drive thebolt endwise would be to drill or burn an opening through the door frame21 at an angle to the outer end portion of bolt 41, and then by use ofsome driving instrument, to attempt to fence the bolt 41 from itsextended or engaged position, as shown in FIG. 1, inwardly toward itsretracted or disengaged position, as shown in FIG. 2. When such adriving attempt is made with the bolt construction of the presentinvention, as described above in this first embodiment, the endwise oraxial forces on the bolt 41 cause a slight relative telescoping actionbetween the operating lever 35 and bolt 41, in which the operating levertelescopes a greater distance into the bolt operating lever opening 45-,taking up the clearance space 51 at the outer end of this opening. Thisfurther telescoping is the result of the endwise driving forces on thebolt 4-1, which are resisted by the operating lever 35, causing theknurled surface 56 on the operating lever small diameter portion 50 torelease from the bolt 41, thereby causing the bolt to move the springcollar 52 along the operating lever tapered portion 49, resulting inradial expansion of the spring collar.

Further, this slight relative telescoping action is permitted by the pin55 being of a smaller diameter than the bolt in opening 47, and, asshown in FIG. 3, at the end of this slight telescoping, substantiallythe entire clearance space 51 will be filled by the operating lever 35and the pin 55 will preferably rest at the outermost surface portion ofthe bolt pin opening 47. Also, as this slight telescoping is completed,the spring collar 52 has moved substantially the complete axial lengthof the operating lever tapered portion 49,. with this spring collarexpanding sufficiently to fully engage the engagement shoulder 44 onbolt 41 within the door lug recess 40 Thus, from this driving action,the bolt 41 has moved slightly from its fully extended or fully engagedposition within the door frame lug 24, but this slight telescoping ofthe operating lever 35 and 41 is not sufficient to completely withdrawbolt 41 from the door frame lug 24, and for this reason the bolt remainssecurely engaged with the door frame lug and retains the door 20 againstany movement. At the same time, due to the full engagement of the springcollar 52 with the engagement shoulder 44 of the door lug 23 and withthe outer end of this spring collar resting against the bolt inner end46, further endwise or axial driving of bolt 41 is edectively andsecurely blocked so that it is virtually impossible to drive the boltfiully into its fully retracted or disengaged position.

The purpose of the slot 53 in the spring collar 52 is, of course, topermit the expansion of the spring collar as caused by its axialmovement along the operating lever tapered portion 4-9. Further, thepurpose of the internal notching of spring collar 52 by the groove 54 isto provide more uniform expansion of the spring collar during thismovement and insure a full engagement of the spring collar with the doorlug engagement shoulder 44 when this slight telescoping between theoperating lever 35 and bolt 41 is completed, to thereby insure elfectiveblocking of the bolt member by this spring collar.

The second embodiment of the bolt construction of the present inventionis shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, wherein a portion of the door lug isindicated at 123, the operat ing lever at 135 and the bolt at 141.Further, in this second embodiment, the door lug (recess is indicatedgenerally at 140, the door lug opening at 143 and the door lugengagement shoulder at 144", which in this form is positionedintermediate the axial length of the recess 140.

The portion of the operating lever 13S extending into the door lugrecess 141 is generally uniformly cylindrical for slidably guiding inthe door lug opening 143, but at the outer end, this operating lever isprovided with an increased diameter guide portion 157, which slidablyguides the operating lever for reciprocal movement within the door lugrecess 14% inwardly of the engagement shoulder 144-. When the bolt 141is in engaged or extended position, as shown in FIG. 7, this operatinglever guide portion 157 extends axially both inwardly and outwardly ofthe engagement shoulder 144, with this guide portion 157 terminatingspaced axially outward of the engagement shoulder in a second guideportion 158, which slidably guides the operating lever for reciprocalmovement within the recess 140 outwardly of the engagemerit shoulder144. This second guide portion 158 also forms the axially outer end ofthe operating lever An axially extending centrally located generallycylindrical opening 15? is formed in the operating lever 135 openingoutwardly toward the bolt 141 and extending axially within the operatinglever to a point spaced axially inward of the operating lever innermostguide portion 157, with the innermost end of this opening 159 beingfilled by a plug 160 of predetermined axial length. Plug 160 in theparticular form shown terminates substantially radially aligned with theinnermost end of the guide portion 157, but the axial length of thisplug 160 is determined by other considerations, which will behereinafter discussed.

Intermediate the axial length of the operating lever inner guide portion157, the operating lever is formed with a generally rectangular crosssection annular groove 161 opening radially into the recess andterminating spaced radially from the operating lever opening 159,

as shown. As best shown in FIG. 8, at preferably three circumferentiallyspaced points, radially extending ball slots 162 are formed from thebottom of groove 161 radially into the operating lever opening 159, sothat these slots open radially both into (the groove 161 as well as theopening 159, again for a purpose to be hereinafter described.

The generally cylindrical bolt 141 is reciprocally guided in the recess140 outwardly of the operating lever 135 and at the inner end 136 isformed with the axially inwardly extending actuating rod 163 which isslidably received axially within the operating lever opening 159.Actuating rod 163 is formed spaced from the innermost end with anarcuate cross section radially and circumferentially extending camgroove 164 opening radially toward the operating lever 135. This camgroove, as before stated, is arcuate in cross section and particularlymust taper axially toward the outer end of bolt 141 i to form thetapered cam surface 165.

The bolt actuating rod 163 is normally received within the operatinglever opening 159, with the axially inner edge of the bolt cam groove164 generally radially aligned with the axially inner edge of theoperating lever groove 161 previously described, so that the majorportion of the bolt cam groove 164 registers radially with the operatinglever groove 161. With this normal relative positioning of the operatinglever 135 and bolt 141, an axially extending clearance space 166 isprovided between the bolt inner end 136 and the outermost end of theoperating lever 135, which is formed by the second guide portion 158.Also, in this relative positioning, a clearance space 167 is formedwithin the operating lever opening 159 axially between the innermost endof the bolt actuating rod 163 and the outermost end of'the plug 160,and, as will he hereinafiter seen, it is important that this secondclearance space 167 be at least as great, if not greater, in axiallength than the clearance space 166.

In order to normally retain the operating lever 135 and bolt 141 intheir relative positions with respect to each other and for normalsimultaneous reciprocal movement within the door lug recess 14%, a ball168 is received in each of the operating lever ball slots 162, withthese balls I gaged with the operating lever 135 and partially engaged iwith the bolt 141 by preferably three arcuate blocking segment-s 1 69,which blocking segments are received in the operating lever groove 161by a pressfit and with one of these segments radially abutting each ofthe balls. Finally, the blocking segments 169 are of less or equal tothe radial dimensions of the operating lever groove 161, so thatnormally these segments, when press fit in the 9 groove radiallyabutting and maintaining the balls 168 properly positioned, do notextend radially beyond the operating lever guide portion 157.

Thus, the operating lever 135 and bolt 14-1 are normally maintainedaxially positioned relative to each other by the common engagement withthe balls 168, which balls are retained securely in place by the pressfit of the blocking segments 169 in the operating lever 135. Further, inview of the positioning of the blocking segments 169, the operatinglever 135 and bolt 141 are free to reciprocate within the door lugrecess 14% between engaged and disengaged positions as is necessary forthe proper operation of the bolt 141 by the operating lever 135.

When the operating lever 135 and bolt 141 are in their normal extendedpositions, as shown in FIG. 7, the innermost edge of the operating levergroove 161 is substantially radially aligned or slightly axially outwardof the door lug engagement shoulder 14-4, so that in this position theinnermost edge of the blocking segments 169 are likewise radiallyaligned with or slightly axially outward of engagement shoulder 144.This particular relative positioning of the blocking segments 169 withreference to the engagement shoulder 144 is of the utmost importance inorder for this second embodiment of the bolt construction to accomplishits bolt blocking action in the event an attempt is made at driving thebolt 141 toward disengaged position.

With this second embodiment construction, when such an endwise drivingis attempted, the axial forces on the bolt 141 will cause relative axialtelescoping between the operating lever 135 and bolt 141 as a result ofa slight axial inner movement of bolt 141 with reference to operatinglever 135. This limited telescoping between op erating lever 135 andbolt 141 will cause the bolt actuating rod 163 to move inwardly agreater axial distance into the operating lever opening 159, and thisaxially inward movement is permitted in part by the clearance spaces 166and 167 previously described.

Further, this limited telescoping will move the actuating rod cam groove164 axially inward relative to the balls 168 causing these balls to moveradially in the direction of the blocking segments 169 due to the camsurface 155 of the cam groove 164. As the balls 168 are urged radially,they will move the blocking segments 169 radially from the press fit orthese blocking segments in the operating lever groove 161 radiallytoward the door lug 123 and, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, engage theseblocking segments 169 axially adjacent and with the door lug engagementshoulder 144.

When the limited telescoping between the operating lever 135 and bolt1411 has been completed, taking up the entire clearance space 166, thebolt inner end 136 will abut the operating lever 135 and also each ofthe blocking segments 169 will have fully engaged with the door lugengagement shoulder 144, thereby solidly blocking the bolt 141 fromfurther axial driving toward disengaged position. As is apparent fromFIG. 9, the limited telescoping of operating lever 135 and bolt 141 isonly that which is required for moving the blocking segments 169radially into full engagement with the door lug engagement shoulder 144,and at the end of this limited telescoping or blocking movement, a majorpart of the bolt 141 is still in an engaged position, as previouslydescribed in the first embodiment construction.

The third embodiment of the bolt construction of the present inventionis shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, with the door lug indicated at 223, theoperating lever at 235 and the bolt at 241. Further, the door lug recessis indicated at 249, with the door lug engagement shoulder 24-4 againbeing positioned intermediate the axial length of recess 240, as in theforegoing second embodiment.

In this third embodiment, the operating lever is slidably receivedthrough the door lug opening 243 at a generally cylindrical largediameter portion 270 on the operating lever, which portion 270terminates forwardly in a small diameter portion 271 with a radiallyextending shoulder 272 formed therebetween. A generally cylindricalactuating sleeve 273 is positioned telescoped over the operating lever235 partially telescoping the small diameter portion 271, partiallytelescoping the large diameter portion 270, and securely engaging theshoulder 272 therebetween.

This actuating sleeve 273 has a guide portion 274 slidably received inthe door lug recess 240 axially inwardly of the door lug engagementshoulder 244 for reciprocally guiding the operating lever 235 within therecess 24-0. Axially outward of the guide portion 274, the actuatingsleeve 273 is formed with a cam portion 275 which terminates axiallyoutward in a tapered surface 276 angling radially toward the operatinglever small diameter portion 271.

The bolt 241 is formed with an axially inwardly opening recess 277 andis telescoped over the operating lever 235, with the forward end of theoperating lever small diameter portion 271 received in a press fitpartially in the recess 277. Axially inwardly abutting the bolt 24-1 isthe blocking collet 278, which has a guide portion 279 axially adjacentbolt 241 slidably engaging the door lug recess 24$).

Axially inward of the guide portion 279, the blocking collet 278 isformed with an annular relief slot 285 and the blocking colletterminates axially inwardly in the series of flexible 'axially extendingblocking fingers 281. The blocking collet 278 is received telescopedover the operating lever small diameter portion 271 axially inward ofand abutting bolt 241 and normally partially telescoping the taperedsurface 276 of the actuating sleeve cam portion 275.

The blocking collet blocking fingers 281 are formed radially adjacentthe operating lever small diameter portion 271 with the tapered surfaces282 which conform generally to the tapered surface 276- on the actuatingsleeve 273. With the blocking fingers 281 normally telescoped with andnormally abutting the actuating sleeve 273, as shown in FIG. 11, theouter circumference of these blocking fingers 281 is substantially equalto or slightly less than the guide portion 274- of actuating sleeve 273.Thus, under normal simultaneous reciprocal movement of the operatinglever 235 and bolt 241, these blocking fingers 281 may move slidablyinto the part of the door lug recess 240 inwardly of the blockingshoulder 24d and thereby permit normal movement of the operating leverand bolt from engaged to disengaged positions.

Further, the axial length of telescoping of the blocking collet 278 overthe actuating sleeve 273- is predetermined for normal positioning, sothat the bolt 241 is telescoped over the operating lever small diameterportion 271 a predetermined amount less than the full axial length ofthe bolt recess 277, leaving the clearance space 283 for furthertelescoping between the operating lever 235 and bolt 241 underpredetermined conditions. The press fit between the bolt 24-1 and theoperating lever 235 is, however, sufficient to normally move the boltwith the operating lever under normal conditions between engaged anddisengaged positions.

In formingthe blocking fingers 281 on the blocking collet 278, thenumber and formation of such fingers as well as the depth or need of therelief slot 280 in this blocking collet will be dependent on thematerial used in forming the collet and the ease with which it isdesired to permit these blocking fingers to expand for performing theirblocking formation, as will be hereinafter described. As shown in FIG.12, it is desirable under certain circumstances to form one of the axialslots 284 completely axially through the blocking collet 278 in order toincrease the expanding flexibility of this collet and insure theblocking action. 1

With this third embodiment construction, when the operating lever 235and bolt 241 are in their normally engaged positions, as shown in FIG11, and an axial driving force is exerted against the bolt 241, aspreviously described, this driving force, resisted by the operatinglever 235, will cause the bolt 241 to telescope axially a predeterminedgreater amount with the operating lever small diameter portion 271,thereby taking up the clearance space 233. This increased telescoping orrelative axial movement between the operating lever 235 and bolt 241will force the blocking collet 273 axially to more completely telescopethe actuating sleeve 273.

Since the collet blocking fingers 281 normally, as shown in FIG. 11, arepositioned axially outwardly of the door lug engagement shoulder 244,when the operating lever 235 and bolt 241 are in their normally engagedpositions, this axial driving of the blocking collet 273 a greaterdistance axially over the actuatin sleeve 273 will cause these blockingfingers to be driven axially toward the engagement shoulder 244. At thesame time, due to the actuating sleeve tapered surfaces 276 and theblocking finger 281, this axial driving of the blocking collet 278 willforce these blocking fingers radially toward the door lug 223 and intoengagement with the door lug engagement shoulder 244. Finally, as shownin FIG. 13, when the operating lever 235' and bolt 241 are telescopedthe predetermined possible axial extent, taking up the clearance space283, the blocking fingers 231 of the blocking collet 278 will be fullyengaged with the door lug engagement shoulder 244, thereby completelyblocking the bolt 241 in an engaged position and secure against axialmovement toward disengaged position by any further axial driving force.

Thus, according to the broad principles of the present invention,specific forms of which are illustrated in the three embodiments in thedrawings, upon an attempt to drive the bolt axially or endwise from itsfully engaged position by an external driving force and a forcedifierent from that normally applied by the operating means, some formof blocking means automatically engages between the bolt and either aportion of the door or door frame encasi-ng the bolt when in thisextended position, thereby directly blocking the bolt against beingdriven to its fully retracted or disengaged position and effectivelyresisting further driving forces. Although in the three embodimentsshown in the drawings the blocking means engages directly between thebolt and the member, in this case, the door, reciprocally mounting thebolt, it is obvious that this blocking means could be formed forengagement within the member which receives the 7 end portion of thebolt in its engaged position, in this case, the door frame, and it isnot intended to limit the broad principles of the present invention toeither specific form.

According to the more specific forms of the invention shown in the threeembodiments of the drawings, in each case the bolt construction isformed in such a way that the normal operable connection between theoperating lever and bolt provides axially extending clearance spaceswhich permit a limited relative axial movement or telescoping betweenthe bolt and operating lever upon the application of the outside drivingforces, with the bolt at the termination of such limited relativemovement still remaining in a secure engaged position. This limitedrelative movement between the operating lever and bolt, however, takingup the clearance spaces deliberately provided, provides the motion foraxially extending a blocking member to engage between the-bolt and themeans reciprocally mounting the bolt, thereby providing an automatic andpositive blocking action to frustrate the outside driving attempts.

In the first embodiment, shown in FIGS. 1 through 6, the spring collar52 is moved axially inward along the operating lever conical taperedportion l9 which urges this spring collar to expand nadially andsecurely engage the door lug engagement shoulder 44. In the secondembodiment, shown in FIGS. 7 through 10, the axial movement of theactuating rod 163 causes the cam surface l65 of the cam groove 164 tomove axially with respect to the balls 168, expanding these ballsradially, which in turn expand the blocking segments 169 radially tosecurely engage the door lug engagement shoulder 14 Finally, in thethird embodiment, shown in FIGS. 11 through 14, axial movement of theblocking collet 278 causes the blocking fingers 281 of this collet tomove axially inwardly along the actuating sleeve tapered surface 276,expanding these blocking fingers radially to securely engage the doorlug engagement shoulder 244. Thus, in each of the three embodiments, thelimited axial telescoping between the bolts and operating leversautomatically results in an expanding of blocking mean-s operablyconnected to the bolts, whereby effective blocking between the bolts andthe members reciprocally mounting these bolts takes place.

In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity,clearness and understanding, but no unnecessary limitations are to beimplied therefrom, be-

cause such words are used for descriptive purposes herein, and areintended to be broadly construed.

Moreover, the embodiments of the improved construction illustrated anddescribed herein are by way of example, and the scope of the presentinvention is not limited to the exact details of the construction shown.

Having now described the invention, the construction, operation and useof preferred embodiments thereof, and the advantageous new and usefulresults obtained thereby; the new and useful construction and reasonablemechanical equivalents thereof obvious to those skilled in the art areset forth in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, framemeans operably mounting the bolt longitudinally reciprocal outwardly toan engaged position partially received in the engagement member andinwardly to a disengaged position free of said engagement member, anoperating member operably connected to the bolt reciprocally moving thebolt longitudinally between said engaged and disengaged positions uponreciprocal movement of the operating member, means operably connected tothe operating member for reciprocally moving the operating member andbolt between said engaged and disengaged positions, the operableconnection between the operating member and bolt including connectionmeans mounted for limited telescoping of the bolt with the op cratingmember from a normal position longitudinally inwardly to a blockedposition, said limited telescoping being less than the distance the boltis received in the engagement member when said bolt ls in normal engagedposition, expand-able blocking means operably engaged between theoperating member and bolt in combination with said connection meansnormally retaining the operating member and bolt in normal position fornormal simultaneous reciprocal movement of the operating niemher andbolt between said outward engaged and inward disengaged positions, atapered surface on one of the operating member and bolt, the expandableblocking means being engaged between said tapered surface and the otherof said openating member and bolt when the bolt is in said normalposition with respect to the operating member, at least part of theblocking means being urged along the tapered surface and expanding intoblocking engagement with the frame means and so that the blocking mean-sblocks directly between said frame means and bolt when the operatingmember and bolt are in outward engaged position and an exterior force isapplied to any part of the bolt separate from said operating memberurging the bolt inwardly toward disengaged position and. causing saidlimited telescoping of the bolt with the operating member to saidblocked position, and the blocking means being constructed to remainpositively free of expansion and blocking during normal positioning andmovement of the operating member and bolt between normal engaged anddisengaged positions by said operating member and bolt moving means andexpandable to block only upon said urging of said bolt from engagedtoward disengaged position by said exterior force.

2. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, framemeans operably mounting the bolt longitudinally reciprocal outwardly toan engaged position partially received in the engagement member andinwardly to a disengaged position free of said engagement member, anoperating member operably connected to the bolt reciprocally moving thebolt longitudinally between said engaged and disengaged positions uponreciprocal movement of the operating member, means operably connected tothe operating member for reciprocally moving the operating member andbolt between said engaged and disengaged positions, the operableconnection between the operating member and bolt including portions ofthe operating member and bolt telescoped in a normal position andmounted for further limited telescoping of the bolt with the operatingmember from said normal position longitudinally inwardly to a blockedposition, said further limited telescoping being less than the distancethe bolt is received in the engagement member when said bolt is innormal engaged position, expandable blocking means operably engagedbetween the Operating member and bolt in combination with said operatingmember and bolt telescoped portions normally retaining the operatingmember and bolt in normm telescoped position for normal simultaneousreciprocal movement of the operating member and bolt between saidoutward engaged and inward disengaged positions, a tapered surface onone of the operating member and bolt, the expandable blocking meansbeing engaged between said tapered surfaces and the other of saidoperating member and bolt when the bolt is in said normal telescopedposition with respect to the operating member, at least part of theblocking means being urged along the tapered surface and expanding intoblocking engagement with the frame means and so that the blocking meansblocks directly between said frame means and bolt when the operatingmember and bolt are in outward engaged position and an exterior force isapplied to any part of the bolt sepanate from said operating memberurging the bolt inwardly toward disengaged position and causing saidfurther limited telescoping of the bolt with the operating member tosaid blocked position, and the blocking means being constructed toremain positively tree of expansion and blocking during normalpositioning and movement or" the operating member and bolt betweennormal engaged and disengaged positions by sai operating member and boltmoving means and expandable to block only upon said urging of saidboltfrom engaged toward disengaged position by said exterior force.

3. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, framemeans operably mounting the bolt longitudinally reciprocal outwardly toa normal engaged position partially received in the engagement memberand inwardly to a disengaged position free of said engagement member, anoperating member operably connected to the bolt reciprocally moving thebolt longitudinally between said engaged and disengaged positions uponreciprocal movement of the operating member, means openably connected tothe operating member for reciprocally moving the operating member andbolt between said engaged and disengaged positions, the operableconnections between the operating member and bolt including connectionmeans mounted for limited telescoping of the bolt with the operatingmember from a normal position longitudinally inwardly to a blockedposition, said limited telescoping being less than the distance the boltis received in the engagement member when said bolt is in normal engagedposition, expandable collar means positioned in abutting engagementbetween the operating member and bolt and substantially surroundingparts of said connection means, said expandable collar means incombination with said connection means normally retaining the operatingmember and bolt in normal position for normal simultaneous reciprocalmovement of the operating member and bolt between said outward engagedand inward disengaged positions, a tapered surface on one of theoperating member and bolt, the expandable collar means being in abuttingengagement between said tapered surface and the other of said operatingmember and bolt surrounding said parts of the connection means when thebolt is in said normal position with respect to the operating member,and the expandable collar means being urged along the tapered surfaceand substantially surrounding a part of the tapered surface andexpanding laterally directly into blocking engagement with the framemeans and abutting engagement between said frame means and bolt when theoperating member and bolt are in outward engaged position and anexterior force is applied to any part of the bolt separate from saidoperating member urging the bolt inwardly toward disengaged position andcausing said limited telescoping of the bolt with the operating memberto said blocked position.

4. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, .tramemeans operab'ly mounting the bolt longitudinally reciprocal outwardly toa normal engaged position partially received in the engagement memberand inwardly to a disengaged position free of said engagement member, anoperating member operably connected to the bolt reciprocally moving thebolt longitudinally between said engaged and disengaged positions uponreciprocal movement of the operating member, means operably connected tothe operating member for reciprocally moving the operating member andbolt longitudinally between said engaged and disengaged positions, theoperable connection between the operating member and bolt includingconnection means mounted for limited longitudinal telescoping of thebolt with the operating member from a normal position longitudinallyinwardly to a blocked position, said limited telescoping being less thanthe longitudinal distance the bolt is received in the engagement memberwhen said bolt is in said normm engage-d position, expandable splitspring collar means positioned in abutting engagement between theoperating member and bolt and substantially surrounding parts of saidconnection means, said collar means in combination with said connectionmeans normally retaining the operating member and bolt and in normalposition for normal simultaneous reciprocal movement of the operatingmember and bolt between said outward engaged and inward disengagedpositions, a tapered surface on one of the operating member and bolt,the collar means being in abutting engagement between said taperedsurface and the other of said operating member and bolt surrounding saidparts of the connection means when the bolt is in said normal positionwith respect to the operating member, the collar means beinglongitudinally stationary relative to said other of said operatingmember and bolt due to the abutment of the collar means with said otherof said operating member and bolt, and the collar means being urgedlongitudinally along the tapered surface and substantially surrounding apart of the tapered surface and expanding laterally directly intoblocking engagement with the frame means and abutting engagement betweensaid frame means and bolt when the operating member and bolt are inoutward engaged position and an exterior force is applied to any part ofthe bolt separate from said operating member urging the boltlongitudinally inwardly toward disengaged position and causing saidlimited telescoping of the bolt with the operating member to saidblocked position.

5. Bolt construction as defined in claim 4 in which the connection meansmounting the bolt and operating member for limited telescoping from saidnormal position inwardly to said blocked position includes releasablemeans normally holding the operating member and bolt stationary relativeto each other and in said normal position until released by saidexterior force applied to any part of the bolt urging the bolt inwardlytoward disengaged position and causing said limited telescoping of thebolt with the operating member to said blocked position.

6, Bolt construction including a longitudinally extending bolt, a boltengagement member, frame means operably mounting the bolt longitudinallyreciprocal outwardly to a normal engaged position partially received inthe engagement member and inwardly to a disengaged position free of saidengagement member, an operating member having a longitudinally outwardlylaterally decreasing tapered surface, the operating member terminatinglongitudinally outwardly from said tapered surface in a longitudinallyextending connecting portion, the operating member connecting portionbeing partially longitudinally telescoped within the bolt for limitedrelative telescoping between the operating member and bolt between anormal telescoped position and a blocked telescoped position telescopedlongitudinally a limited amount greater than said normal telescopedposition, generally laterally extending pin means engaged laterally withthe operating member connecting portion within the bolt and normallylongitudinally inwardly abutting the bolt when the bolt is in saidnormal telescoped position with reference to the operating member butmovable outwardly within the bolt when the bolt moves from said normaltelescoped to blocked telescoped position with reference to theoperating member, an expandable split spring collar longitudinallyoutwardly abutting the bolt and normally longitudinally inwardlyabutting an outward portion of the operating member tapered surface andspanning the longitudinal distance between said tapered surface andbolt, said abutment of said expandable collar between the operatingmember and bolt normally retaining said operating member and boltlongitudinally stationary relative to each other and the bolt in saidnormal telescoped position during longitudinal movement of the operatingmember and bolt from disengaged to engaged position, said longitudinalrearward abutment of said pin means with the bolt normally retaining theoperating member and bolt longitudinally stationary with respect to eachother during longitudinal movement of said operating member and boltfrom engaged to disengaged position, means operably connected to theoperating member for reciprocally moving the operating member and boltbetween said engaged and disengaged positions, the limited telescopingof the bolt with the operating member from said normal telescopedposition longitudinally inwardly to said blocked telescoped positionbeing of less longitudinal distance than the longitudinal distance thebolt is received in the engagement member when the bolt is in normalengaged position, a laterally extending shoulder formed on the framemeans laterally adjacent the operating member tapered surface andlongitudinally inwardly of said expandable collar when the operatingmember and bolt are in normal engaged position, and the bolt movinglongitudinally inwardly relative to the operating member from saidnormal telescoped position to said blocked telescoped position when theoperating member and bolt are in normal engaged position and an externalforce is applied to any part of the bolt separate from said operatingmember urging the bolt inwardly toward disengaged position suflicient tomove said expandable collar longitudinally inwardly along the operatingmember tapered surface and thereby expand said expandable collarlaterally into blocking engagement with the frame means shoulder andbetween said frame means shoulder and the bolt.

7. Bolt construction including a longitudinally extend ing bolt, a boltengagement member, frame means operably mounting the bolt longitudinallyreciprocal outwardly to a normal engaged position partially received inthe engagement member and inwardly to a disengaged posidinallytelescoped within the bolt for limited relative telescoping between theoperating member and bolt between a normal telescoped position and ablocked telescoped position telescoped longitudinally a limited amountgreater than said normal teleseoped position, knurled surface meansformed on the operating member connecting portion engaged by a press fitwithin the bolt for normally retaining the operating member and boltagainst relative longitudinal movement and the bolt in said normalposition, an expandable split spring collar longitudinally outwardlyabutting the bolt and normally longitudinally inwardly abutting anoutward portion of the operating member tapered surface and spanning thelongitudinal distance between said tapered surface and bolt, saidabutment of said expandable collar between the operating member and boltwithin said knurled surface means normally retaining said operatingmember and bolt longitudinally stationary relative to each other and thebolt in said normal telescoped position during longitudinal movement ofthe operating member and bolt from disengaged to engaged position, saidknurled surface means normally retaining the operating member and boltlongitudinally stationary with respect to each other during movement ofsaid operating member and bolt from engaged to disengaged position,means operably con-' nected to the operating member for reciprocallymoving the operating member and bolt between said engaged and disengagedpositions, the limited telescoping of the bolt with the operating memberfrom said normal telescoped position longitudinally inwardly to saidblocked telescoped position being of less longitudinal distance than thelongitudinal distance the bolt is received in the engagement member whenthe bolt is in normal engaged position, a laterally extending shoulderformed on the frame means longitudinally adjacent the operating membertapered surface and longitudinally inwardly of said expandable collarwhen the operating member and bolt are in normal engaged position, andthe bolt moving longitudinally inwardly relative to the operating memberfrom said normal telescoped position to said blocked telescoped positionwhen the operating member and bolt are in normal engaged position and anexternal force is applied to any part of the bolt separate from saidoperating member urging the bolt inwardly toward disengaged positionsufficient to release the knurled surface means from the bolt and tomove said expandable collar longitudinally inwardly along the operatingmember'tapered surface and thereby expand said expandable collarlaterally into blocking engagement with the frame means shoulder andbetween said frame means shoulder and the bolt.

8. Bolt construction including a longitudinally extending bolt, a boltengagement member, frame means operably mounting the bolt longitudinallyreciprocal outwardly to a normal engaged position partially received inthe engagement member and inwardly to a disengaged position free of saidengagement member, an operating member having a longitudinally outwardlylaterally decreasing tapered surface, the operating member terminatinglongitudinally outwardly from said tapered surface in a longitudinallyextending connecting portion, the operating member connecting portionbeing partially longitudinally telescoped within the bolt for limitedrelative telescoping between the operating member and bolt between anormal telescoped position and a blocked telescoped position telescopedlongitudinally a limited amount greater than said normal telescopedposition, knurled surface means formed on the operating memberconnecting portion engaged by a press fit within. the

17 bolt for normally retaining the operating member and bolt againstrelative longitudinal movement and the bolt in said normal position,generally laterally extending pin means engaged laterally with theoperating member connecting portion within the bolt and normallylongitudinally inwardly abutting the bolt when the bolt is in saidnormal telescoped position with reference to the operating member butmovable outwardly within the bolt when the bolt moves from said normaltelescoped to blocked telescoped position with reference to theoperating member, an expandable split spring collar longitudinallyoutwardly abutting the bolt and normally longitudinally inwardlyabutting an outward portion of the operating member tapered surface andspanning the longitudinal distance between said tapered surface andbolt, said abutment of said expandable collar between the operatingmember and bolt and said knurled surface means normally retaining saidoperating member and bolt longitudinally stationary relative to eachother and said bolt in said normal telescoped position duringlongitudinal movement of the operating member and the bolt fromdisengaged to engaged position, said longitudinal rearward abutment ofsaid pin means with the bolt and said knurled surface means normallyretaining the operating member and bolt longitudinally stationary withrespect to each other during longitudinal movement of said operatingmember and bolt from engaged to disengaged position, means operablyconnected to the operating member for reciprocally moving the operatingmember and bolt between said engaged and disengaged positions, thelimited telescoping of the bolt with the operating member from saidnormal telescoped position longitudinally inwardly to said blockedtelescoped position being of less longitudinal distance than thelongitudinal distance the bolt is received in the engagement member whenthe bolt is in normal engaged position, a laterally extending shoulderformed on the frame means laterally adjacent the operating membertapered surface and longitudinally inwardly of said expandable collarwhen the operating member and bolt are in normal engaged position, andthe bolt moving longitudinally inwardly relative to the operating memberfrom said normal telescoped position to said blocked telescoped positionwhen the operating member and bolt are in normal engaged position and anexternal force is applied to any part of the bolt separate from saidoperating member urging the bolt inwardly toward disengaged positionsufiicient to release said knurled surface means from the bolt and tomove said expandable collar longitudinally inwardly along the operatingmember tapered surface and thereby expand said expandable collarlaterally into blocking engagement with the frame means shoulder andbetween said frame means shoulder and the bolt.

9. Bolt construction including a longitudinally extending bolt, a boltengagement member, frame means operably mounting the bolt longitudinallyreciprocal outwardly to a normal engaged position partially received inthe engagement member and inwardly to a disengaged position free of saidengagement member, an operating member having a longitudinally extendingoutwardly opening recess formed therein opening outwardly of an outerend, the bolt having an inner end and a longitudinally extendingactuating member extending longitudinally inwardly and telescoped withinthe operating member recess, the operating member recess and boltactuating member normally mounting the bolt relative to theoperatingmember with the bolt inner end spaced from the operating memberouter end in a normal telescoped position and the bolt movablelongitudinally inwardly relative to the operating member with the boltactuating member telescoped within the operating member recess a limitedgreater longitudinal distance into a blocked telescoped position, thebolt actuating member having a laterally extending a-rcuate cam surface,the operating member having a laterally extending segment groove formedtherein opening laterally toward the frame means and terminatinglaterally spaced from the operating member recess, the operating memberhaving a series of ball openings formed therein extending laterallybetween and communicating with the segment groove and recess, the boltactuating member cam groove being generally laterally aligned with theoperating member segment groove and ball openings when the bolt is insaid normal telescoped position relative to the operating member, ballspositioned in the operating member ball openings normally extendinglaterally into the bolt actuating member cam groove normally engagingbetween the bolt actuating member and the operating member, a series ofblocking segments normally confined laterally within the operatingmember segment groove by a press fit and laterally abutting said ballsnormally maintaining said balls engaged between the operating member andbolt actuating member and engaged within said actuating member camgroove, mean-s operably connected to the operating member forreciprocally moving the operating member and bolt longitudinally betweensaid engaged and disengaged positions, a shoulder formed on the framemeans generally laterally aligned with a longitudinally inward edge ofthe operating member segment groove when the operating member and boltare in said norm-a1 engaged position, the limited telescoping of thebolt with the operating member from said normal telescoped positionlongitudinally inwardly to said blocked telescoped position being ofless longitudinal distance than the longitudinal distance the bolt isreceived in the engagement member when the bolt is in normal engagedposition, and the bolt moving longitudinally inwardly relative to theoperating member from said normal telescoped position to said blockedtelescoped position when the operating member and bolt are in normalengaged position and an external force is applied to any part of thebolt separate from said operating member urging the bolt inwardly towarddisengaged position sufficient to urge the blocking segments laterallyfrom their confined press fit positions in the operating membersegmentgroove by the bolt actuating member telescoping a greaterlongitudinal extent in the operating member recess to said blockedtelescoped position removing said actuating member cam slot from lateralalignment with said balls and forcing the balls to expand laterallyagainst said blocking segments and thereby forcing said blockingsegments into blocking engagement with the frame means shoulder andbetween said frame means shoulder and the bolt through the operatingmember.

:10. Bolt construction including a longitudinally extending bolt, a boltengagement member, frame means operably mounting the bolt longitudinallyreciprocal outwardly to a normal engaged position partially received inthe engagement member and inwardly to a disengaged position freeof saidengagement member, an operating member having a longitudinally outwardlylaterally decreasing tapered surface, the operating member terminatinglongitudinally outwardly from said tapered surface in a longitudinallyextending connecting portion, the operating member connecting portionbeing partially longitudinally telescoped within the bolt for limitedrelative telescoping between the operating member and bolt between anormal telescoped position and a blocked telescoped position telescopedlongitudinally a limited amount greater than said normal telescopedposition, the operating member connecting portion being engaged by apress fit within the bolt for normally retaining the operating memberand bolt against relative longitudinal movement and the bolt in saidnormal position, a collettelescoped with the operating member connectingportion longitudinally outwardly abutting the bolt and having generallylongitudinally extending blocking fingers abutting the operating membertapered surface, said :collet blocking fingers normally being free ofinterference with the frame means during move, ment of the operatingmember and bolt between said enl gaged and disengaged positions when thebolt is in said normal telescoped position relative to the operatingmember, means operably connected to the operating member blockingfingers approximately the same longitudinal distance as the longitudinaldistance of the limited telescoping of the bolt with the operatingmember from said normal telescoped position to said blocked telescopedposition when the operating member and bolt are in said normal engagedposition, and the bolt moving longitudinally inwardly relative to theoperating member from said normal telescoped position to said blockedtelescoped position when the operating member and bolt are in normalengaged position and an external force is applied to any part of thebolt separate from said operating member ringing the bolt inwardlytoward disengaged position s-uiiicient to move the collet blockingfingers longitudinally inwardly along the operating member taperedsurfaces to expand said blocking fingers laterally into blockingengagement with the frame means shoulder and between the frame meansshoulder and the bolt.

11. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, framemeans operably mounting the bolt for substantially straight longitudinalmovement between an outward engaged position partially received in theen gagement member and an inward disengaged position free of saidengagement member, all of that portion of the bolt extending from theframe means and into the bolt engagement member presenting a solid boltsurface, bolt moving means operable for moving the bolt longitudinallybetween engaged and disengaged positions, connection means between thebolt and bolt moving means for operably connecting the bolt to the boltmoving means normally simultaneously movable with said bolt moving meansbetween said engaged and disengaged positions and relative movement ofthe bolt substantially straight longitudinally inward with respect tothe bolt moving means into a blocked position still engaged with thebolt engagement member when the bolt and bolt moving means are in saidengaged position and any part of the bolt is urged from said engagedposition inward toward disengaged position by an exterior force on anypart of said bolt separate from said bolt moving means, said connectionmeans including bolt blocking means operably connected to the bolt forautomatic movement of at least part of said blocking means laterallyoutwardly from a normal position in which the bolt and bolt moving meansare freely simultaneously movable between said engaged and disengagedpositions and a blocking position with said blocking means engageddirectly laterally between the bolt and frame means effectively directlyblocking the bolt in an engaged position when said bolt and bolt movingmeans are in said engaged positions and said bolt is moved inwardly tosaid blocked position by said exterior force on any part of said bolt,and the blocking means being constructed to remain positively inoperableduring normal positioning and movement of the bolt between normalengaged and disengaged positions by said bolt moving means and operableonly upon said urging of said bolt from engaged toward disengagedposition by said exterior force.

12. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, framemeans operably mounting the bolt for substantially straight longitudinalmovement between an outward engaged position partially received in theengagement member and an inward disengaged position free of saidengagement member, all of that portion of the bolt extending from theframe means and into the bolt engagement member presenting a solid boltsurface, bolt moving means operable for moving the bolt longitudinallybetween engaged and disengaged positions, connection means between thebolt and bolt moving means for operably connecting the bolt to the boltmoving means normally simultaneously movable with said bolt moving meanslongitudinally betweensaid engaged and disengaged positions and relativelongitudinal movement of the bolt substantially straight longitudinallyinward with respect to the bolt moving means into a blocked position Istill engaged with the bolt engagement member when the bolt and boltmoving means are in said engaged position and any part of the bolt isurged longitudinally from said;

engaged position inward toward disengaged position by an exterior forceon any part of said bolt separate from f said bolt moving means, saidconnection means including bolt blocking means operably connected to thebolt for I automatic movement of at least part of said blocking meansfrom a normal position in which the bolt and bolt moving means arefreely longitudinally movable between said engaged and disengagedpositions and a blocking position with the bolt blocking means extendingin a plurality of lateral directions laterally between and engag ing thebolt and frame means efiectively directly blocking the bolt in anengaged position when said bolt and bolt moving means are in saidengaged positions and said bolt is moved inwardly to said blockedposition by said exterior force on any part of said bolt, and theblocking means being constructed to remain positively inoperable duringnormal positioning and movement of the bolt between normal engaged anddisengaged positions by said i 7 bolt moving means and operable onlyupon said urging of said bolt from engaged toward disengaged position bysaid exterior force.

13, Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, framemeans operably mounting the bolt for substantially straight longitudinalmovement between an outward engaged position partially received in theengagement member and an inward disengaged position free of saidengagement member, all of that portion of the bolt extending from theframe means and into the bolt engagement member presenting a solid boltsurface, bolt moving means operable for moving the bolt longitudinallybetween engaged and disengaged positions, connection means between thebolt and bolt moving means for operably connecting the bolt to the boltmoving means normally simultaneously movable with said bolt moving meanslongitudinally between said engaged and disengaged positions andrelative longitudinal movement of the bolt substantially straightlongitudinally inward with respect to the bolt moving means into ablocked position still engaged with the bolt engagement member when thebolt and bolt moving means are in said engaged position and any part ofthe bolt is urged longitudinally from said engaged position inward by anexterior force on any from said bolt moving means, a shoulder formed onthe frame means generally laterally adjacent the connection towarddisengaged position means when the bolt and bolt moving means are insaid engaged positions, said connection means including bolt operablyconnected to the bolt for auto matic movement of at least part of saidblocking means from 'a normal position in which the bolt and bolt moving1 t 1 means are freely movable between said engaged and blocking meansdisengaged positions and a blocking position with the bolt blockingmeans engaged laterally with the framemean s shoulder and between thebolt and said frame means shoulder effectively directly blocking thebolt in an enes gaged position when said bolt and bolt movingmeans arein said engaged positions and said bolt is movedinby said exterior forceon any part of said'bolt, and the blocking means being coninoperableduring normal 7 the bolt between normal g wardly to said blockedposition structed to remain positively positioning and movement of partof said bolt separate tion for normal simultaneous reciprocal engagedand disengaged positions by said bolt moving means and operable onlyupon said urging of said bolt from engaged toward disengaged position bysaid exterior force.

14. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, framemeans operably mounting the bolt substantially straight longitudinallyreciprocal outwardly to a normal engaged position partially received inthe engagement member and inwardly to a disengaged position free of saidengagement member, all of that portion of the bolt extending from theframe means and into the bolt engagement member presenting a solid boltsurface, an operating member operably connected to the bolt reciprocallymoving the bolt longitudinally between said engaged and disengagedpositions upon reciprocal movement of the operating member, meansoperably connected to the operating member for reciprocally moving theoperating member and bolt between said engaged and disengaged positions,the operable connection between the operating member and bolt includingconnection means mounted for limited telescoping of the bolt with theoperating member from a normal position substantially straightlongitudinally inwardly to a blocked position, said limited telescopingbeing less than the distance the bolt is received in the engagementmember when said bolt is in normal engaged position, expandable blockingmeans operably engaged between the operating member and bolt incombination with said connection means normally retaining the operatingmember and bolt in normal posimovement of the operating member and boltbetween said outward engaged and inward disengaged positions, actuatingmeans operably connected to the expandable blocking means for expandingat least part of said blocking means laterally into a blockingengagement with the frame means and with the blocking means directlybetween said frame means and bolt when the operating member and bolt arein outward engaged position and an exterior force is applied to any partof the bolt separate from said operating member urging the bolt inwardlytoward disengaged position and causing said limited telescoping of thebolt with the operating member to said blocked position, and theblocking means and actuating means being constructed and arranged toremain positively inoperable during normal positioning and movement ofthe operating member and bolt between normal engaged and disengagedpositions by said operating member and bolt moving means and operableonly upon said urging of said bolt from engaged toward disengagedposition by said exterior force.

15. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, f-ramemeans operably mounting the bolt substantially straight longitudinallyreciprocal outwardly to a normal engaged position partially received inthe engagement member and inwardly to a disengaged position free of saidengagement member, all of that portion of the bolt extending from theframe means and into the bolt engagement member presenting a solid boltsurface, an operating member operably connected to the bolt reciprocallymoving the bolt longitudinally bet-ween said engaged and disengagedpositions upon reciprocal movement of the operat ng member, meansoperably connected to the operating member for reciprocally moving theoperating member and bolt between said engaged and disengaged positions,the operable connection between the operating member and bolt includingconnection means mounted for limited telescoping of the bolt with theoperating member from a normal position substantially straightlongitudinally inwardly to a blocked position, said limited telescopingbeing less than the distance the bolt is received in the engagementmember when said bolt is in normal engaged position, expandable blockingmeans operably engaged between the operating member and bolt incombination with said connection means normally retaining the operatingmember and bolt in normal position for normal simultaneous reciprocalmovement of the operatengagement member ing member and bolt between saidoutward engaged and inward disengaged positions, a shoulder formed onthe frame means laterally adjacent the expandable blocking means whenthe operating member and bolt are in engaged position, actuating meansoperably connected to the expandable blocking means for expanding atleast part of said blocking means laterally into blocking engagementwith the frame means shoulder so that the blocking means blocks directlybetween said frame means shoulder and bolt when the operating member andbolt are in outward engaged position and an exterior force is applied toany part of the bolt separate from said operating member urging the boltinwardly toward disengaged position and causing said limited telescopingof the bolt with the operating member to said blocked position, and theblocking means and actuating means being constructed and arranged toremain positively inoperable during normal positioning and movement ofthe operating member and bolt between normal engaged and disengagedpositions by said operating member and bolt moving means and operableonly upon said urging of said bolt from engaged toward disengagedposition by said exterior force.

16. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, framemeans operably mounting the bolt substantially straight longitudinallyreciprocal outwardly to a normal engaged position partially received inthe and inwardly to a disengaged position free of said engagementmember, all of that portion of the bolt extending fromthe frame meansand into the bolt engagement member presenting a solid bolt surface, anoperating member operably connected to the bolt reciprocally-moving thebolt longitudinally between said engaged and disengaged positions uponreciprocal'movemerit of the operating member, means operably connectederating member and bolt between said engaged and disengaged positions,the operable connection between the operating member and bolt includingconnection means mounted for limited relative movement of the boltinwardly with respect to the operating member from a normal positionsubstantially straight longitudinally inwardly to a blocked position,said limited inward relative movement being less than the distance thebolt is received in the engagement member when said bolt is in normalengaged position, expandable blocking means operably engaged between theoperating member and bolt in combination with said connection meansnormally retaining the operating member and bolt in normal position fornormal simultaneous reciprocal movement of the operating me her and boltbetween said outward engaged and inward disengaged positions, actuatingmeans on one of the operating member and bolt operably connected to theexpandable blocking means for expanding at least part of said blockingmeans laterally into a blocking engagement so that the blocking meansblocks directly between the bolt and frame means when the operatingmember and bolt are in outward engaged position and an exterior force isapplied to any part of the bolt separate from said operating memberurging the bolt inwardly toward disengaged position and causing saidlimited relative movement of the bolt to said blocked position, and theblocking means and actuating means being constructed and arranged toremain positively inoperable during. normal positioning and movement ofthe operating member and bolt between normal engaged and disengagedpositions by said operating member and bolt moving operable only uponsmd urging of said bolt from engaged toward disengaged position by saidexterior force.

17. Bolt construction as defined in' claim 16 in which the frame meanshas portions laterally adjacent the expandable blocking means when theoperating member and bolt are in normal engaged position; and in whichthe actuating means expands said at least part of the blocking meanslaterally into direct blocking engagement with said frame means portionswhen the operating member means and i member, all of the bolt endportion extending from the frame means and into the bolt engagementmember presenting a solid bolt surface, means operably connected to thebolt and operable for moving the bolt longitudinally between engaged anddisengaged positions, blocking means having at least portions movablelaterally outwardly. for automatic operation of said means directlybetween the bolt and frame means upon an urging of any part of the boltend portion from engaged position toward disengaged position by anexterior force on said bolt separate from said bolt moving means todirectly block the bolt in an engaged position and against surreptitiousmovement to disengaged position, the operable mounting of the bolt bythe frame means maintaining the bolt aligned in its normal substantiallystraight longitudinal path of travel at all times and during engagementof said blocking between the bolt and frame means, and the blockingmeans being constructed to remain positively inoperable during normalpositioning and movement or" the bolt between normal engaged anddisengaged positions by said bolt moving means and operable only uponsaid urging of said bolt end portion from engaged toward disengagedposition by said exterior force.

19. Bolt construction including a bolt, a bolt engagement member, framemeans operably mounting the bolt for substantially straight longitudinalmovement between an engaged position with an end portion extending fromsaid frame means and received in the engagement member and'a disengagedposition free of said engagement 7 member, means operably connected tothe bolt and op-i erable for moving the bolt longitudinally between en-tgaged and disengaged positions, blocking means having at least portionsmovable laterally outwardly operably connected to the bolt for directautomatic engagement of said means between the bolt and frame means uponan urging of any part of the bolt end portion from engaged towarddisengaged position by an exterior force, on the bolt separate from saidbolt moving means to directly block the bolt in an engaged position andagainst movement to disengaged position, the operable mounting of thebolt by the frame means maintaining the bolt aligned in its normalsubstantially straight longitudinal path of travel at all times andduring engagement of said blocking means between the bolt and framemeans, and the block- :ing means being constructed to remain positivelyinop- 1 erable during normal positioning and movement of the,

bolt between normal engaged and disengaged positions by said bolt movingmeans and operable only upon said urging of said bolt end portion fromengaged toward disengaged position by said exterior force.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS685,188 Taylor Oct. 22, 1901 1,800,662 Rush Apr. 14,1931 1,802,784 ScottApr. 28, 1931 1,964,157 Holtzman June 26, 1934 2,099,678 Curtis Nov. 23,1937' 2,350,306 Spain May 30, 1944 2,947,160 Wolters Aug. 2, 1960 1FOREIGN PATENTS 814,816 7 Great Britain June 10, 1959

19. BOLT CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING A BOLT, A BOLT ENGAGEMENT MEMBER, FRAMEMEANS OPERABLY MOUNTING THE BOLT FOR SUBSTANTIALLY STRAIGHT LONGITUDINALMOVEMENT BETWEEN AN ENGAGED POSITION WITH AN END PORTION EXTENDING FROMSAID FRAME MEANS AND RECEIVED IN THE ENGAGEMENT MEMBER AND A DISENGAGEDPOSITION FREE OF SAID ENGAGEMENT MEMBER, MEANS OPERABLY CONNECTED TO THEBOLT AND OPERABLE FOR MOVING THE BOLT LONGITUDINALLY BETWEEN ENGAGED ANDDISENGAGED POSITIONS, BLOCKING MEANS HAVING AT LEAST PORTIONS MOVABLELATERALLY OUTWARDLY OPERABLY CONNECTED TO THE BOLT FOR DIRECT AUTOMATICENGAGEMENT OF SAID MEANS BETWEEN THE BOLT AND FRAME MEANS UPON AN URGINGOF ANY PART OF THE BOLT END PORTION FROM ENGAGED TOWARD DISENGAGEDPOSITION BY AN EXTERIOR FORCE ON THE BOLT SEPARATE FROM SAID BOLT MOVINGMEANS TO DIRECTLY BLOCK THE BOLT IN AN ENGAGED POSITION AND AGAINSTMOVEMENT TO DISENGAGED POSITION, THE OPERABLE MOUNTING OF THE BOLT BYTHE FRAME MEANS MAINTAINING THE BOLT ALIGNED IN ITS NORMAL SUBSTANTIALLYSTRAIGHT LONGITUDINAL PATH OF TRAVEL AT ALL TIMES AND DURING ENGAGEMENTOF SAID BLOCKING MEANS BETWEEN THE BOLT AND FRAME MEANS, AND THEBLOCKING MEANS BEING CONSTRUCTED TO REMAIN POSITIVELY INOPERABLE DURINGNORMAL POSITIONING AND MOVEMENT OF THE BOLT BETWEEN NORMAL ENGAGED ANDDISENGAGED POSITIONS BY SAID BOLT MOVING MEANS AND OPERABLE ONLY UPONSAID URGING OF SAID BOLT END PORTION FROM ENGAGED TOWARD DISENGAGEDPOSITION BY SAID EXTERIOR FORCE.